The impact of glycemic variability on the 28-day prognosis of patients with cardiogenic shock with or without diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study

GV significantly increases the 28-day risk of death in patients with CS, especially in DM patients. Future optimisation of glucose monitoring techniques and exploration of GV modulation strategies are needed to improve patient prognosis. What is known about this research topic: Glycaemic variability (GV) significantly increases the 28-day risk of death in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). GV level (16.2 %-25.3 %) was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in patients with DM and CS, and GV (>25.3 %) was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in Non-DM patients with CS. What this study adds and its future implications: More optimal glucose monitoring techniques and GV modulation strategies need to be refined to improve patient outcomes.