Results of incorporating new anti-tuberculosis drugs into chemotherapy regimens in patients operated for multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective: to evaluate the outcomes of comprehensive treatment in patients who underwent surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis with multidrug resistance, with the inclusion of linezolid and bedaquiline in chemotherapy regimens. Material and methods. A non-randomized, continuous, single-center retrospective study was conducted involving 114 patients who underwent surgery at the National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of Russia between 2018 and 2022. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens was carried out in patients with localized and extensive tuberkulosis forms. Results. In 41.6% (n=32/77) of patients with tuberculosis and in 18.9% (n=7/37) with fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis, a statistically significantly higher spectrum of МВТ was detected in the study of resection samples compared with inspiratory materials (p=0.03). The inclusion of linezolid and bedaquiline in the chemotherapy regimen in MDR-TB patients led to a reduction in the duration of postoperative treatment by an average of 14.0±1.3 and 11.1±4.5 weeks in limited forms and by 14.8±3.2 and 14.9±3.7 weeks in common forms of ТВ, compared with chemotherapy regimens that do not include these drugs. Conclusion. The addition of novel anti-tuberculosis drugs such as linezolid and bedaquiline to the chemotherapy regimen for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis can reduce the duration of treatment for both localized and extensive forms of the disease.