Spatial epidemiology of dengue and chikungunya in Karnataka using GIS-based analysis

GIS-based surveillance enhances early outbreak detection, resource allocation, and targeted vector control. Spatial autocorrelation techniques support predictive modelling for other infectious diseases. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, community engagement, and spatial analytics in public health policies supports disease mitigation and urban planning. Globally, integrating spatial epidemiology into surveillance systems can improve outbreak prediction, optimise resources, and guide data-driven policy. These findings highlight the need for GIS-based frameworks and international cooperation to address emerging disease threats effectively.