The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Different Dental Applications

Artificial intelligence (AI) involves developing systems that simulate human-like thinking processes in computers. 1Developments in AI first began in 1943 with Allan Turing's question, "Can machines think?", and John McCarthy first used the term "AI" at a conference in 1956. 2 AI is a general term that encompasses the use of machines and technology to assist in performing tasks that are typically done by humans. 3Machines can create algorithms based on what they learn from data; thus, they can solve problems without human assistance. 2To understand AI, it is necessary to first know its subsets such as machine learning (ML), neural networks (NN), and deep learning (DL) (Figure 1).The process of extracting the required data from internet data pools is called ML. ML involves algorithms that identify patterns and predict outcomes directly from existing datasets, operating autonomously without human guidance. 4 are specialized ML algorithms designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human brain.They consist of interconnected layers of artificial neurons (perceptrons) to replicate human neural processes.These networks enable computers to simulate human cognitive abilities such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. 2On the other hand, DL, a subset of ML, enables computers to learn how to process data on their own.DL extends the concept of NN by using multiple interconnected layers, forming complex architectures known as Deep NN. 2,5,6 The depth of these networks refers to the numerous algorithmic layers that work together, each contributing incrementally to interpreting data, but lacking significance individually.Within DL, models such as artificial NN (ANN) and convolutional NN (CNN) play pivotal roles, especially in fields like dentistry.CNNs, particularly proficient in analyzing visual data, are widely utilized in dental research for tasks such as classifying, segmenting, and detecting features In response to technological breakthroughs, artificial intelligence (AI) applications are being extensively studied and developed in the fields of medicine and dentistry.AI applications significantly contribute to healthcare services and enhance efficiency by reducing the workload of healthcare professionals.The capacity of machines to exhibit human-like thinking and learning will significantly enhance the early detection and prevention of diseases.Although currently regarded as a supplementary component in dental diagnosis and treatment, it is expected that its significance will further advance in the coming years.This study aims to discuss the current use of AI technology in different branches of dentistry.