Neuropsychological mechanisms of psychosomatic disorders in situations of uncertainty

Background. The neuropsychological approach to sol­ving the research problem under consideration is due to the fact that stress factors have an impact on human brain activities that provoke psychosomatic disorders. Situations of uncertainty, such as crises and conflicts, exert considerable pressure on those involved, affec­ting their health. The research findings contribute to working out mechanisms of adaptation as well as enhancing one’s ability to cope with stress, which is of particular importance for those having jobs with high responsibility including teachers, healthcare professio­nals, and the military. The above has an impact on promoting public health. The purpose of this article is to look into neuropsychological mechanisms of psychosomatic disorders under uncertainty, to determine their impact on one’s mental and physical health as well as to provide methods of preventive care and harmonization of the psychophysiological state of a person. Materials and methods. Theoretical methods have been instrumental in carrying out the robust analysis of scientific literature and relevant theoretical and methodological approaches. Empirical methods (the Giessen Physical Complaints Inventory, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the PS-status questionnaire), particularly the survey and experiment, contributes in gathering data on neuropsychological indicators of psychosomatic disorders and other aspects of psychophysiological state of respondents. Results. The survey confirmed a moderate depression and a tendency to psychosomatic disorders, depending on the severity and duration of symptoms. Its results help not only to diagnose disorders, but also to develop individual preventive strategies, which is important for specialists, since a high level of responsibility can lead to chronic stress and negative consequences. The closer the lesion to the cerebral cortex, the more pronounced the emotional, cognitive and behavioral changes, including social maladjustment, which emphasizes the importance of diagnosis and correction for maintaining mental health. Conclusions. The research findings reveal gender-related distinctions of psychosomatic state of individuals: male subjects (r = 79.85 %) are less prone to physical impairment and depressive syndrome due to the higher extent of physical activity and respective endocrine profile, whereas females (r = 57.78 %) tend to be more anxious and exhausted due to hormonal and social factors. The psychosomatic state of tea­chers (72.96 %) shows their probable burnout induced by continuous dealing with pupils as well as high levels of self-control. Healthcare professionals (r = 69.87 %) suffer from stress caused by the awareness of responsibility for patients’ lives. It increases the risk of their emotional and physical burnout. The military respondents (63.59 %) who live under stress conditions have anxiety and depression, and somatic complaints. Mentally sound experts who are sensible of their responsibility demonstrate emotional resilience, physical well-being, psychological balance, social competence, and adaptability to change. Preventive care arrangements are needed for maintaining their balance: psychological counselling, physical activity, and stress resistance trainings. Health maintenance of such experts is crucial for their efficiency under high responsibility conditions.