Prediabetes Intervention Strategies and Mechanisms Based on Different Dietary Patterns

As a key transitional stage in the development of diabetes, prediabetes has become an important focus in China's public health field. This article systematically analyzes the intervention effects and mechanisms of three major dietary patterns, namely low-carbohydrate diet, high-fiber diet and Mediterranean diet, in people with prediabetes, aiming to provide a scientific basis for individualized nutritional intervention. The study found that although the prevalence of prediabetes in China is high, the dietary fiber intake of residents is generally low, only 12.3g/day, which is far below the recommended standard. In this context, the dietary intervention strategy proposed in this article not only helps to enrich the theoretical system of diabetes prevention, but also provides guidance for the formulation of clinical nutritional intervention programs. In particular, the mechanism by which the monounsaturated fatty acids contained in olive oil in the Mediterranean diet improve insulin resistance by inhibiting the NF-B pathway has expanded the idea of localized intervention. Despite this, existing studies still have shortcomings in the evaluation of long-term intervention effects, individual genetic background and intestinal flora differences. Future studies should combine multi-omics technology to conduct large-sample, long-term randomized controlled trials to explore more accurate and effective strategies for prediabetes intervention.