Global, regional, and national burdens of traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and skull fracture and their attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021

The global, regional, and national burdens of TBI, SCI, and skull fractures-reflected by their prevalence, incidence, and YLDs-exhibit significant disparities. Our findings can inform policymakers in formulating future strategies for managing traumatic CNS injuries, with priority given to targeted preventive measures against risk factors to mitigate the burden of these life-threatening and disabling CNS conditions.