Industrial Metaverse design methodologies: a comprehensive literature review

XR-based industrial Metaverse is a new paradigm for manufacturing, a fully immersive virtual space that interacts with the physical space to enhance manufacturing efficiency. This cyber-physical system integrates technologies such as digital twins, IoT, blockchain, and NFT to build a Metaverse that contains a virtual replica of the physical system, connecting people, machines, processes, and environments within the product design, production planning, manufacturing, and predictive maintenance process. By performing industrial process simulations and taking advantage of augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) technology, industrial Metaverse has great potential in applications such as collaborative workspaces, virtual factories, digital management, and employee training. However, the design process and methodologies related to industrial Metaverses lag behind when compared to the architectures and applications of industrial Metaverses. Through digging into existing literature, this paper mainly focuses on the design of industrial Metaverses, including frameworks, methodologies, and techniques related to the design of an industrial Metaverse with an XR perspective. The paper also analyses the technologies that form the system, elaborates the challenges and opportunities in various applications, and finally provides insights for the future.