Effect and mechanism of Jinfeng Pills on the receptivity of thin endometrium in rats

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of Jinfeng Pills on the receptivity of a thin endometrium in rats and elucidate its mechanism of action. Methods: A thin endometrial model was established in female Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned to the control, model, estradiol valerate, and Jinfeng Pill groups. Histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to assess morphological changes in the endometrium under light microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), estrogen, and progesterone levels in rat serum. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to examine morphological alterations in the endometrium. Immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to analyze the expression of VEGF, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31), β-catenin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and homeobox gene A10 (HOXA10) proteins and mRNA in endometrial tissue. Results: Compared to the model group, the Jinfeng Pill group exhibited a thicker endometrium characterized by pronounced undulating architecture, increased glandular and vascular density, and greater endometrial volume. There was a statistically significant increase in serum VEGF levels in the Jinfeng Pill group ( P <0.05). Additionally, protein levels and mRNA expression of VEGF, CD31, HOXA10, β-catenin, and LIF were significantly high in the endometrium of the Jinfeng Pill group ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Jinfeng Pills enhance the receptivity of a thin endometrium in rats by upregulating protein levels and mRNA expression of VEGF, CD31, HOXA10, β-catenin, and LIF in the endometrium.