Sustainable intensification and the land sparing mechanism.

The analysis of the malagasy "land rebound effect," conducted using an ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression model and panel data of 27 countries on World Bank time series data from 1990 to 2022, quantitatively demonstrates the relationship between agricultural value added and the expansion of cultivated land areas.The findings suggest three priority interventions: contextual adaptation of technologies through participatory approaches, strengthening land tenure security via formal certification tools, and building the capacities of local producers including training, financing, and economic diversification.However, there are methodological limitations due to the lack of detailed data on land dynamics and institutional constraints within rural communities, calling for complementary field studies to ground the econometric analysis in territorial realities.