Systematic review on gold nanoparticles and their application in cancer research and therapy

Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases endangering human health today and is the second greatest cause of death worldwide, only after cardiovascular disorders.The utilisation of modern medical technology, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is extending the life of cancer patients.However, these therapies don't always work to prolong the lives of cancer patients.These methods also frequently have several unfavourable side effects, including the incidence of undesirable effects and a higher likelihood of relapse.Therefore, the development of a new approach to cancer eradication remains necessary.The potential of nanomedicine as a technology opens up a new way to get around the limits of current cancer treatments.Gold nanoparticles have attracted more interest as radiosensitising, photothermal treatment, and optical imaging agents to improve the efficacy of cancer detection and therapy due to their distinct optical and physicochemical features.Their usage has also expanded to nuclear medicine SPECT and PET imaging as well as targeted radionuclide therapy, thanks to their capacity to carry a variety of medically significant radionuclides.According to recent studies, nanogold has many benefits over other nanomaterials.This is mostly because of highly optimised production processes that result in gold nanoparticles with distinctive properties that are available in a wide range of sizes and shapes.The spectrum of their possible medicinal uses, with a focus on cancer treatment, is greatly expanded by the ability to change the surface of nanogold particles with various targeting and functional chemicals.Good biocompatibility and predictable biodistribution patterns of functionalized gold nanoparticles make them particularly excellent candidates for use as the foundation of novel therapeutics.This review summarises current developments in the realm of medical application of gold nanoparticles for the treatment of cancer in light of the substantial body of scientific evidence on nanogold.