Translanguaging and Second-Language Reading Proficiency: A Systematic Review of Effects and Methodological Rigor

Translanguaging has become a significant concept in applied linguistics, promoting inclusive education and equitable treatment of languages. However, despite its increasing prominence, the impact of translanguaging pedagogy on second-language (L2) reading proficiency and the methodological rigor of studies in this area remain insufficiently examined. This systematic review, conducted in alignment with the PRISMA guidelines, addresses these gaps by analyzing 21 studies comprising 25 samples that examine the relationship between translanguaging and L2 reading development. The findings indicate a small but statistically significant positive effect of translanguaging on L2 reading comprehension (g = 0.33, CI [0.21–0.45]), though considerable variation exists across studies. Qualitative research (k = 9) generally reports favorable outcomes, while quantitative studies (k = 16) present mixed findings—ten studies show positive effects, whereas six report no significant impact. The methodological assessment highlights several shortcomings, including the absence of a priori power analysis, inconsistencies in reporting instrument and coding reliability, insufficient transparency in data reporting, and vagueness in the implementation of translanguaging practices. Additionally, contextual trends reveal a need for more research in underrepresented regions and secondary school contexts. This review emphasizes the importance of conducting rigorous, contextually diverse research to validate translanguaging as an effective approach for enhancing L2 reading proficiency.