Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report and Literature Review

Primary urinary bladder lymphoma is a very rare disease. Hereby, we report a 53-year-old male patient who presented with sudden macroscopic hematuria. The patient had a relevant previous history of follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) treated initially with chemotherapy CHOP scheme and then with bendamustine-obinutuzumab, with a PET scan at the end of the treatment showing a complete response. Abdomen-pelvic tomography revealed a diffuse and irregular thickening of the bladder. In the cystoscopy, we observed multiple solid-appearing tumor lesions throughout the bladder. A biopsy was taken, with a report of diffuse high-grade large B-cell NHL. Lymphomas are a rare cause of malignant bladder tumors, with DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) being the least common. Given its rare presentation, there is still no standardization of the treatment; a few reports and series have been published, offering surgical, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy-guided treatment, or frequently a combination of those methods. We are still lacking more information about this condition, aiming to choose the alternative treatment.