Analyzing and formalising land indicators of LGAF, GLII and SDGs through LADM

Over the past fifteen years, LGAF, GLII, and SDGs frameworks have jointly shaped acomplementary global land governance monitoring system. However, challenges remain indata fragmentation and standardised indicator computation. This study explores how ISO19152 LADM provides a unified technical foundation to model and monitor global landindicators. It develops a standardised conceptual model with UML-based implementation andproposes a modular indicator computation architecture based on interface classes andreusable logic components. The proposed approach supports scalable reporting, enhancesindicator operationalisation, and bridges the gap between global policy frameworks andpractical land administration systems at the national level.