DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS: THE ROLE OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PREVENTING LONG-TERM ORGAN DAMAGE

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise because it affects more than 537 million adults today, and doctors expect this number to grow to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. The population of diagnosed diabetes patients in India exceeds 74 million, yet another 40 million adults still have not received a diagnosis. The metabolic disorder substantially raises the likelihood of developing both microvascular complications, which affect retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, and macrovascular complications, which include coronary artery disease and stroke. The complications resulting from diabetes shorten human lifespan and deteriorate daily functioning while creating substantial strain on healthcare facilities. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) proved through their findings that proper glycemic control stands as a vital factor for decreasing diabetes complications. The implementation of pharmacological treatments together with CGM technologies has proven difficult for maintaining constant glycemic control due to healthcare disparities and restricted access to innovative therapies alongside glycemic variability. The research examines diabetes-related complications about glycemic control while reviewing new treatment approaches and analysing obstacles to successful glycemic management. The research works to develop evidence-based guidelines that will enhance patient outcomes and decrease diabetes-related complications worldwide.