Distinguishing iron deficiency anaemia and the anaemia of chronic disease: and why it is important

Iron deficiency anaemia and the anaemia of chronic disease are common. They share several similarities which can cause diagnostic confusion in clinical practice. Both may be indicative of serious underlying pathology, but the differential in each case is rather different. This review highlights the importance of accurately establishing the pattern of anaemia at an early stage, so ensuring that the appropriate management algorithm is followed.