[Academic characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion of <i>Qilu</i> medical masters in Ming and Qing dynasties and its influence on later generations].

The biography, medical writings and family lineages of <i>Qilu</i> medical masters in the Ming and Qing dynasties were collected and collated, so as to analyze their contributions to expounding acupuncture and moxibustion theories, practicing medical ethics and morals, and academic inheritance in later generations; as well as exploring the valuable guidance to clinical practice of modern acupuncture and moxibustion. <i>ZHAI Liang</i>, <i>YUE Hanzhen</i>, <i>HUANG Yuanyu</i> and <i>LIU Kui</i> were representatives of <i>Qilu</i> masters in the Ming and Qing dynasties. They showed their respects on classics with high inclusion, laid stress on elaboration and innovation in theories and practice of meridians, acupoints and acupuncture technique specially. Based on family heritage and apprenticeship, not only the academic school of acupuncture-moxibustion with regional characteristics had been cultivated, but also the important foundation been laid for the perfection of acupuncture-moxibustion diagnosis and treatment system in later generations. The integration of medical ethics and medical skills showed the spirit of "the benevolence of a doctor". These masters devoted themselves to the collation and research of medical books, collected the classics of medical masters, and wrote a number of easily-learned popular works for clinical application to benefit future generations.