Constraining gas motion and non-thermal pressure beyond the core of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster with XRISM

Abstract We report on a detailed spectroscopic study of the gas dynamics and hydrostatic mass bias of the galaxy cluster Abell 2029, utilizing high-resolution observations from XRISM Resolve. Abell 2029, known for its cool core and relaxed X-ray morphology, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the influence of gas motions beyond the central region. Expanding upon prior studies that revealed low turbulence and bulk motions within the core, our analysis covers regions out to the scale radius $R_{2500}$ (670 kpc) based on three radial pointings extending from the cluster center toward the northern side. We obtain accurate measurements of bulk and turbulent velocities along the line of sight. The results indicate that non-thermal pressure accounts for no more than 2% of the total pressure at all radii, with a gradual decrease outward. The observed radial trend differs from many numerical simulations, which often predict an increase in non-thermal pressure fraction at larger radii. These findings suggest that deviations from hydrostatic equilibrium are small, leading to a hydrostatic mass bias of around 2% across the observed area.

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Publication Details

Journal
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Published
2025-08-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psaf055
Citations
12
Primary Topic
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
13.86

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article

Constraining gas motion and non-thermal pressure beyond the core of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster with XRISM

Kotaro Fukushima, Lía Corrales, Chris Done, Katsuhiro Hayashi et al.
12 citations
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
13.86
article

Constraining gas motion and non-thermal pressure beyond the core of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster with XRISM

Kotaro Fukushima, Lía Corrales, Chris Done, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Ehud Behar, Aya Kubota, Kyoko Matsushita, Kouichi Hagino, L. Lovisari, M. Shidatsu, M. Audard, J. S. Kaastra, Paul P. Plucinsky, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Erin Kara, S. Eguchi, Hirokazu Odaka, Luigi Gallo, Hideki Uchiyama, Hirofumi Noda, Kosuke Sato, Hisamitsu Awaki, Y. Terada, Jacco Vink, K. Mukai, María Díaz Trigo, Aya Bamba, Eric D. Miller, Yoshiaki Kanemaru, J. M. Mïller, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Satoshi Yamada, Yutaka Fujita, Javier A. García, Andrew E. Szymkowiak, Kenji Hamaguchi, Takayuki Hayashi, T. R. Kallman, Anna Ogorzałek, Arnab Sarkar, A. Simionescu, Megan E. Eckart, S. Paltani, Edmund Hodges‐Kluck, Renata Cumbee, Hiroyuki Uchida, Hironori Matsumoto, A. E. Hornschemeier, Mai Takeo, Daiki Ishi, Gregory V. Brown, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Adam Foster, Laura Brenneman, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Yoshitomo Maeda, Liyi Gu, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, D. McCammon, Toru Tamagawa, Shōgo Kobayashi, K. Yamaoka, Jan‐Uwe Ness, Michael Loewenstein, Hiromasa Suzuki, Naomi Ota, Tom Rose, M. Guainazzi, Takaaki Tanaka, Satoru Katsuda, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Randall K. Smith, Yoshihiro Ueda, M. Tashiro, M. Yamauchi, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Teruaki Enoto, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Isamu Hatsukade, Hiroshi Murakami, Ken Ebisawa, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Takashi Okajima, F. S. Porter, D. Eckert, Maxim Markevitch, R. F. Mushotzky, Natalie Hell, Kumiko Nobukawa, Ming Sun, Y. Fukazawa, Makoto Sawada, Ralf Ballhausen, Mihoko Yukita, B. R. McNamara, Brian J. Williams, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Misaki Mizumoto, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin, Prathamesh Tamhane, François Mernier, K. Pottschmidt, Shunji Kitamoto, T. Yoneyama, Robert Petre, Toshiki Sato, E. Costantini, H. Takahashi, S. Yamada, Yuusuke Uchida, Yuichi Terashima, Yuto Ichinohe, A. Tanimoto, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Shoji Ogawa, Tommaso Bartalesi, Nagomi Uchida, Yohko Tsuboi, Koji Mori, Shin Watanabe, S. Ettori, Manabu Ishida, Kumi Ishikawa, Hiromi Seta, Hiroshi Nakajima, Richard L. Kelley, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Tadayasu Dotani, Akihiro Furuzawa, Yuichiro Ezoe, Shiníchiro Uno, Keisuke Tamura, Tessei Yoshida, Takayoshi Kohmura, Tahir Yaqoob, Roman Kosarzycki
article en
12 citations

Abstract

Abstract We report on a detailed spectroscopic study of the gas dynamics and hydrostatic mass bias of the galaxy cluster Abell 2029, utilizing high-resolution observations from XRISM Resolve. Abell 2029, known for its cool core and relaxed X-ray morphology, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the influence of gas motions beyond the central region. Expanding upon prior studies that revealed low turbulence and bulk motions within the core, our analysis covers regions out to the scale radius $R_{2500}$ (670 kpc) based on three radial pointings extending from the cluster center toward the northern side. We obtain accurate measurements of bulk and turbulent velocities along the line of sight. The results indicate that non-thermal pressure accounts for no more than 2% of the total pressure at all radii, with a gradual decrease outward. The observed radial trend differs from many numerical simulations, which often predict an increase in non-thermal pressure fraction at larger radii. These findings suggest that deviations from hydrostatic equilibrium are small, leading to a hydrostatic mass bias of around 2% across the observed area.

Publications of the Astronomical Society of JapanVol. 77(Supplement_1)
Kagoshima University (JP), Hiroshima University (JP), University of Geneva (CH), University of Miyazaki (JP), Kumamoto Gakuen University (JP), Leiden University (NL), California Institute of Technology (US), Nihon Fukushi University (JP), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US), Shizuoka University (JP), Goddard Space Flight Center (US), European Southern Observatory (DE), Rikkyo University (JP), University of Wisconsin–Madison (US), Johns Hopkins University (US), Nara University of Education (JP), University of Waterloo (CA), Konan University (JP), Tokyo University of Science (JP), Meiji University (JP), Kyoto Sangyo University (JP), Shibaura Institute of Technology (JP), Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL), Durham University (GB), George Washington University (US), Tohoku University (JP), Kanto Gakuin University (JP), Kyoto University (JP), University of Michigan (US), University of Teacher Education Fukuoka (JP), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JP), European Space Agency (FR), Tohoku Gakuin University (JP), Yale University (US), University of Chicago (US), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna (IT), European Space Astronomy Centre (ES), Global Science & Technology (United States) (US), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano (IT), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), Fujita Health University Hospital (JP), Astrophysics Science Division (US), Astronomy and Space (AU), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), RIKEN Nishina Center (JP), Ehime University (JP), Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Leiden Observatory, European Space Research and Technology Centre (NL), Space Research Organisation Netherlands (NL), Nagoya University (JP), University of Baltimore (US), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), Saint Mary's University (CA), University of Maryland, College Park (US), Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP), Saitama University (JP), The University of Tokyo (JP), University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US), University of Alabama in Huntsville (US), National Institute for Astrophysics (IT), University of Amsterdam (NL), Kindai University (JP), University of Bologna (IT), Chuo University (JP), The University of Osaka (JP), Nara Women's University (JP)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Saitama University, European Commission, Goddard Space Flight Center, Canadian Space Agency, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
13.86
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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