Microorganisms Associated with Chronic Apical Periodontitis

The key microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of chronic apical periodontitis, their role in the development of the disease and their influence on the choice of therapeutic and diagnostic measures are considered. Enterococcus faecalis is the most resistant to antimicrobial drugs and can survive in root canals even after drug treatment. Fungi of the genus Candida (especially Candida albicans) are found in 5–15% of cases of HAP. They are able to form biofilms and increase the resistance of bacteria to therapeutic manipulations. In conclusion, it is concluded that chronic apical periodontitis is characterized by polymicrobial infection, in which complex bacterial communities, fungi and viruses participate. The development of resistance and the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms require new approaches to therapeutic strategies.