Prevalence, Patterns, And Cessation Challenges of Smokeless Tobacco Use: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is a major public health concern, associated with severe health outcomes such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and oral health problems. Despite efforts to curb tobacco use, SLT consumption continues to rise in India due to its social and cultural acceptability. This study aims to assess the prevalence, patterns, and readiness to quit among SLT users in a diverse population.Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 individuals, aged 35 years and above, recruited through convenience sampling from a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics, SLT use behaviors, readiness to quit, withdrawal symptoms, and support mechanisms.Results: Among the participants, 24.2% (n=121) reported current SLT use, with 18.2% using it daily. The most common product used was mawa (56.2%), followed by miraj (32.2%) and gutka (14.9%). Males, rural residents, and individuals aged ≥60 years had a significantly higher prevalence of SLT use. Media campaigns and social support were crucial in encouraging users to quit, but most did not seek healthcare advice. Withdrawal symptoms like depression and irritability led to relapse in a significant proportion of users.Conclusion: Exposure to media campaigns and social support plays an essential role in promoting cessation. Efforts should focus on raising awareness about smokeless tobacco risks, particularly in rural areas and among older individuals. Social networks should encourage cessation, and structured programs with counseling and nicotine replacement therapy should address withdrawal symptoms. Restricting SLT availability and strengthening public health initiatives are essential to reduce its prevalence and health risks.