ĐÁNH GIÁ TÁC DỤNG SINH DƯỢC VÀ PHÂN TÍCH HIỆU QUẢ KINH TẾ TẠO TRẦM HƯƠNG BẰNG CÔNG NGHỆ SINH HỌC Ở VIỆT NAM

Agarwood is a highly valued natural resource widely used in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and fragrances. However, its availability in the wild is rapidly declining due to overexploitation. This study explores the application of biotechnological techniques to induce agarwood formation in Aquilaria spp, combined with economic modeling to optimize the production process. The results demonstrate that microbial induction using endophytic Fusarium fungi and enzymatic mixtures significantly reduces the time required for resin formation. Additionally, a cost– benefit analysis model indicates high commercial viability when scaled to industrial levels. Field data were collected from Aquilaria crassna plantations across Khanh Hoa, Binh Phuoc, and Ba Ria–Vung Tau provinces. Performance metrics such as induction time, resin yield, concentrations of key bioactive compounds (e.g., β-agarofuran, agarospirol) and essential oil productivity were analyzed. Economic analysis revealed a return on investment (ROI) ranging from 150% to 220% within three years. The biological method showed an 88.9% induction rate, essential oil yield of ≥0.28–0.31%, agarwood-specific extract (ASE) of ~14.8%, and β-agarofuran content of ~4.5%. This study confirms the feasibility of using biotechnology for rapid and high-quality agarwood production in Vietnam. Integrating economic modeling enables investment planning and supports strategies for sustainable and scalable commercialization.