Karakterisasi dan Skrining Fitokimia Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L.)

Abstract. Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) is a tropical fruit widely cultivated in Indonesia, producing peel waste accounting for 30–40% of the total fruit weight. Pineapple peel contains bioactive compounds such as bromelain, flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamin C, which have antioxidant and antibacterial potential and can be utilized in pharmaceutical product development. This study aimed to characterize and perform phytochemical screening of pineapple peel as a basis for agricultural waste utilization. Fresh pineapple peels were obtained from Subang Regency, identified, processed into dried simplicia, and sequentially extracted using the Soxhlet method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol as solvents. The extraction yields obtained were 0.21%, 1.97%, and 5.67%, respectively. Characterization of the simplicia showed water-soluble extract content of 18.6%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 14.6%, moisture loss of 3.96%, total ash content of 12.33%, and acid-insoluble ash content of 21.53%. The extracts had a density of 0.949 g/mL and total ash content of 3.52%. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols, while alkaloids and tannins were not detected. The findings indicate that pineapple peel has potential as a source of secondary metabolites that can be further developed as raw materials for pharmaceuticals and support the sustainable utilization of agricultural waste. Abstrak. Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) merupakan buah tropis yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia dan menghasilkan limbah kulit sebesar 30–40% dari total berat buah. Kulit nanas mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti bromelin, flavonoid, polifenol, dan vitamin C yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri serta dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan produk farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi dan skrining fitokimia kulit nanas sebagai dasar pemanfaatan limbah pertanian. Kulit nanas segar diperoleh dari Kabupaten Subang, dideterminasi, diolah menjadi simplisia kering, kemudian diekstraksi secara bertingkat menggunakan metode Soxhlet dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol 96%. Rendemen ekstrak yang diperoleh masing-masing sebesar 0,21%, 1,97%, dan 5,67%. Karakterisasi simplisia menunjukkan kadar sari larut air 18,6%, kadar sari larut etanol 14,6%, susut pengeringan 3,96%, kadar abu total 12,33%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 21,53%. Ekstrak memiliki bobot jenis 0,949 g/mL dan kadar abu total 3,52%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan adanya senyawa saponin, flavonoid, dan polifenol, sedangkan alkaloid dan tanin tidak terdeteksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kulit nanas berpotensi sebagai sumber metabolit sekunder yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai bahan baku farmasi dan mendukung pemanfaatan limbah pertanian secara berkelanjutan.