Pengaruh Precipitation Inhibitor Su-SNEDDS terhadap Supersaturasi Senyawa BCS II dan IV

Abstract. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) classified under the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II and IV suffer from poor aqueous solubility, which limits their oral bioavailability. The Supersaturable Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Su-SNEDDS) is a promising strategy to overcome this limitation by generating a supersaturated state that enhances drug dissolution and absorption. However, this state is thermodynamically unstable and prone to drug precipitation. Incorporating precipitation inhibitors (PIs), is essential to stabilize supersaturation. This narrative review discusses various types of PIs, their molecular mechanisms in inhibiting precipitation, and their effectiveness based on precipitation tests, in vitro lipolysis studies, and solid-state characterizations. Polymers such as HPMC, PVP, and Soluplus® exhibit distinct capacities to maintain supersaturation depending on their chemical structure, hydrogen bonding potential, viscosity, and affinity for drug crystal surfaces. The addition of PIs significantly extends supersaturation duration, inhibits crystal growth, and leads to amorphous precipitate formation. Overall, the use of PIs in Su-SNEDDS plays a critical role in enhancing drug solubility and absorption, offering a formulation strategy that optimizes the biopharmaceutical performance of poorly soluble BCS class II and IV compounds. Abstrak. Senyawa aktif BCS kelas II dan IV menghadapi tantangan utama berupa kelarutan air yang rendah, yang berdampak pada rendahnya bioavailabilitas oral. Supersaturable Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Su-SNEDDS) merupakan pendekatan inovatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, dengan menciptakan kondisi supersaturasi yang meningkatkan pelarutan dan penyerapan obat. Namun, kondisi ini bersifat tidak stabil dan berisiko menyebabkan presipitasi. Penambahan precipitation inhibitor (PI), berperan penting dalam mempertahankan kondisi supersaturasi. Studi ini merupakan kajian naratif yang membahas jenis-jenis PI, mekanisme molekuler penghambatan presipitasi, serta efektivitasnya berdasarkan hasil uji presipitasi, lipolisis, dan karakterisasi presipitat. HPMC, PVP, dan Soluplus® menunjukkan kemampuan berbeda dalam mempertahankan supersaturasi, tergantung pada struktur kimia, interaksi hidrogen, viskositas, dan afinitas terhadap permukaan kristal obat. Penambahan PI terbukti memperpanjang durasi supersaturasi, menghambat pertumbuhan kristal, dan menjaga presipitat dalam bentuk amorf. Dengan demikian, penggunaan PI dalam Su-SNEDDS berperan penting dalam mengoptimalkan kelarutan dan absorpsi senyawa aktif BCS kelas II dan IV, serta menjadi strategi formulasi yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan performa biofarmasetika obat dengan kelarutan rendah.

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Journal
Bandung Conference Series Pharmacy
Published
2025-08-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v5i2.18474
Primary Topic
Management and Optimization Techniques
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article
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article

Pengaruh Precipitation Inhibitor Su-SNEDDS terhadap Supersaturasi Senyawa BCS II dan IV

Sani Ega Priani, Ratih Aryani, Adilah Nurhaliza
Bandung Conference Series Pharmacy
Management and Optimization Techniques
article

Pengaruh Precipitation Inhibitor Su-SNEDDS terhadap Supersaturasi Senyawa BCS II dan IV

Sani Ega Priani, Ratih Aryani, Adilah Nurhaliza
article en

Abstract

Abstract. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) classified under the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II and IV suffer from poor aqueous solubility, which limits their oral bioavailability. The Supersaturable Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Su-SNEDDS) is a promising strategy to overcome this limitation by generating a supersaturated state that enhances drug dissolution and absorption. However, this state is thermodynamically unstable and prone to drug precipitation. Incorporating precipitation inhibitors (PIs), is essential to stabilize supersaturation. This narrative review discusses various types of PIs, their molecular mechanisms in inhibiting precipitation, and their effectiveness based on precipitation tests, in vitro lipolysis studies, and solid-state characterizations. Polymers such as HPMC, PVP, and Soluplus® exhibit distinct capacities to maintain supersaturation depending on their chemical structure, hydrogen bonding potential, viscosity, and affinity for drug crystal surfaces. The addition of PIs significantly extends supersaturation duration, inhibits crystal growth, and leads to amorphous precipitate formation. Overall, the use of PIs in Su-SNEDDS plays a critical role in enhancing drug solubility and absorption, offering a formulation strategy that optimizes the biopharmaceutical performance of poorly soluble BCS class II and IV compounds. Abstrak. Senyawa aktif BCS kelas II dan IV menghadapi tantangan utama berupa kelarutan air yang rendah, yang berdampak pada rendahnya bioavailabilitas oral. Supersaturable Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Su-SNEDDS) merupakan pendekatan inovatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, dengan menciptakan kondisi supersaturasi yang meningkatkan pelarutan dan penyerapan obat. Namun, kondisi ini bersifat tidak stabil dan berisiko menyebabkan presipitasi. Penambahan precipitation inhibitor (PI), berperan penting dalam mempertahankan kondisi supersaturasi. Studi ini merupakan kajian naratif yang membahas jenis-jenis PI, mekanisme molekuler penghambatan presipitasi, serta efektivitasnya berdasarkan hasil uji presipitasi, lipolisis, dan karakterisasi presipitat. HPMC, PVP, dan Soluplus® menunjukkan kemampuan berbeda dalam mempertahankan supersaturasi, tergantung pada struktur kimia, interaksi hidrogen, viskositas, dan afinitas terhadap permukaan kristal obat. Penambahan PI terbukti memperpanjang durasi supersaturasi, menghambat pertumbuhan kristal, dan menjaga presipitat dalam bentuk amorf. Dengan demikian, penggunaan PI dalam Su-SNEDDS berperan penting dalam mengoptimalkan kelarutan dan absorpsi senyawa aktif BCS kelas II dan IV, serta menjadi strategi formulasi yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan performa biofarmasetika obat dengan kelarutan rendah.

Bandung Conference Series PharmacyVol. 5(2)
Bandung Islamic University (ID)
Openalex Percentile: Top 68%
Management and Optimization Techniques
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