Standardisasi Daun Sirih dan Kayu Manis terhadap Parameter Spesifik dan Non-Spesifik

Abstract. This study aimed to standardize the simplicia and extracts of betel leaves (Piper betle L.) and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii). The yield of betel leaves simplicia was 30.95% and cinnamon bark was 46.4%. The betel leaf extract yield (11.09%) met the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (FHI) standards, while cinnamon bark extract (6.6374%) did not. Phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and polyphenols in both, but thermolabile and non-polar compounds such as steroids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and triterpenoids were not optimally detected in the extracts due to the high-temperature (±90°C) decoction method. The moisture content of betel leaves simplicia (7.20%) and cinnamon bark (4.60%) met the requirements (<10%), but betel leaf extract showed a high drying loss (17.47%) exceeding the standard (<11%) and was hygroscopic. Total ash content of betel leaf extract (19.12%) and cinnamon bark (4.83%), as well as acid-insoluble ash content (betel leaf 0.97%; cinnamon bark 1.43%), exceeded FHI standards (<0.3% and <0.1%), presumably due to mineral contamination from fertilizers and suboptimal cleaning processes. The specific gravity of betel leaf extract was 1.0021 g/ml and cinnamon bark extract was 1.0022 g/ml. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menstandardisasi simplisia dan ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle L.) serta kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii). Hasil rendemen simplisia daun sirih adalah 30,95% dan kulit kayu manis 46,4%. Rendemen ekstrak daun sirih (11,09%) memenuhi standar Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (FHI), sementara ekstrak kulit kayu manis (6,6374%) tidak. Skrining fitokimia mengidentifikasi alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan polifenol pada keduanya, namun senyawa termolabil dan non-polar seperti steroid, monoterpen, seskuiterpen, dan triterpenoid tidak terdeteksi optimal pada ekstrak karena metode dekokta bersuhu tinggi (±90°C). Kadar air simplisia daun sirih (7,20%) dan kulit kayu manis (4,60%) memenuhi syarat (<10%), tetapi ekstrak daun sirih menunjukkan susut pengeringan tinggi (17,47%) melebihi standar (<11%) dan bersifat higroskopis. Kadar abu total ekstrak daun sirih (19,12%) dan kulit kayu manis (4,83%), serta kadar abu tidak larut asam (daun sirih 0,97%; kulit kayu manis 1,43%), melebihi standar FHI (<0,3% dan <0,1%), diduga karena kontaminasi mineral dari pupuk dan proses pembersihan yang kurang optimal. Bobot jenis ekstrak daun sirih 1,0021 g/ml dan kulit kayu manis 1,0022 g/ml.