Study on Detection Technology for High-Speed Railway Slope Sliding Surface Based on Complex Observation of Electrical Resistivity Tomography

Slope landslide risk presents a critical challenge throughout high-speed railway construction and operation. Precise detection of sliding surfaces is essential for disaster prevention. This study develops an electrical detection method using complex electrode arrays, specifically addressing high-speed railway slope exploration constraints including confined spaces, significant investigation depths, and complex terrain. Numerical simulations analyzed the electric field distribution characteristics of power supply electrodes under various spatial constraints (half-space and full-space), revealing resolution differences between power supply combinations for target areas. Further comparative numerical modeling demonstrated that complex electrode arrays significantly enhance imaging quality over simple arrays in complex terrain. Finally, field validation confirmed the high reliability of complex observation systems for detecting slip surfaces along high-speed railway slopes. Therefore, under complex terrain conditions, utilizing complex observation systems to acquire multi-dimensional spatial data, integrated with topography-incorporated inversion technology, enables precise slip surface detection. This approach provides a reliable method for geological hazard mitigation in high-speed railway operations.