Advanced Nanostructures for Biomedical Sensors, Terahertz Devices, and Meta-Devices

The exploration of nanostructures in biomedical sensors, terahertz devices, and meta-devices has led to significant advancements in technology, offering enhanced sensitivity, functionality, and adaptability across various applications. In the realm of biomedical sensors, the development of a novel three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic photonic crystal biosensor marks a breakthrough in the detection of exosomes, which serve as critical biomarkers in numerous diseases. By integrating plasmonic and photonic crystal detection modes, this sensor enhances the local electromagnetic field, thereby increasing the sensitivity of exosome detection. The 3D architecture provides a larger surface area and more interaction sites, crucial for capturing low-abundance biomolecules, thus significantly improving the limit of detection compared to traditional two-dimensional sensors. This innovation holds promise as a powerful tool for early disease diagnosis.