Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based All-in-One Design Electrical Stimulation Wound Dressing

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) allow flexible selection of hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) and acceptors (HBAs), making them promising for biomedical applications. In this work, a choline chloride/ethylene glycol DES was synthesized and optimized at 1wt% crosslinker, yielding a 1.58-fold improvement in thermal stability (T10%) compared to conventional hydrogels. Incorporating zinc chloride (ZnCl<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>) enhanced antibacterial efficacy, reducing bacterial survival by over 90% without apparent cytotoxicity as confirmed by CCK8 assays. In vitro, a 5V, 20Hz electrical stimulation boosted cell migration by 60% after 24 hours, while animal models revealed significantly faster wound closure under the same stimulation parameters. Additionally, real-time wound status monitoring was achieved through electrical resistance measurements, demonstrating the potential of this DES-based ionic gel as a multifunctional and efficient wound dressing.