A Biosensor-Integrated Filtration Device for Intact HIV Isolation and Label-Free Detection in Point-of-Care Environments

Rapid, efficient, simple approaches for biological nanoparticle recovery from bodily fluids are required for translating detection strategies from lab diagnostics to low-resource settings, where expensive sample processing instruments such as ultracentrifuge are not accessible. In this work, we characterize an alternative approach in which intact nanoparticles are filtered from plasma with a nanoporous filtration device that separates particulates within a 100–200 nm diameter range followed by detection on a photonic crystal (PC) biosensor with a portable photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscopy (PRISM) instrument. The Biosensor-Integrated Recovery Device's (BIRD) collection efficiency is initially characterized using gold nanoparticles and fluorescent nanobeads, followed by intact HIV pseudovirus. We demonstrate a recovery rate of 55.0% for 100 nm diameter AuNP and HIV spiked into the buffer and 11.9% for 100 nm diameter FluoSpheres spiked in human plasma.