Optimisation-Based Sensitivity Analysis of PV and Energy Storage Sizing in Commercial Buildings

In recent years, non-residential buildings have increasingly adopted renewable energy generation systems to align with the European Union's goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. However, energy storage systems playa fundamental role in maximising the use of the generated renewable energy. Due to their high acquisition costs, adequately sizing these systems is essential. Moreover, applying an optimal scheduling strategy for energy storage operation can significantly improve the economic viability of such systems by reducing energy-related costs. In this paper, a MILP-based optimisation algorithm—incorporating battery lifespan constraints—is applied to a reference commercial building to schedule the operation of the storage system. A sensitivity analysis on the installed photovoltaic power and energy storage capacity is performed to evaluate their impact on the economic and operational performance of the optimisation algorithm under different sizing configurations.