Rapid Prototyping of Liquid Metal-Based Stretchable Electronics

We present a novel method for the rapid prototyping of complex, multilayered liquid metal (LM)-based stretchable electronics. This versatile approach universally supports a wide range of existing LM patterning techniques to achieve mechanical embedding of LM in stretchable polymers, while simultaneously providing direct electrical pathways through exposed LM electrodes, enabling seamless pick-and-place integration of electronic components and stretchable circuit modules. The core innovation lies in forming an exposed LM interface that is flush with the top surface of the stretchable polymer, allowing direct and reliable electrical connections without the need for soldering or adhesive bonding. To demonstrate the method's potential, we fabricate two stretchable circuits by integrating multiple LM circuit modules with surface-mount electronic devices (SMDs).