Bioimpedance Circuit Simulation for Real-Time Hydration Assessment in Athletic Performance Monitoring

Hydration monitoring is critical in both sports science and clinical applications, as even minor reductions in body water levels can impair endurance and cognitive function. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) offers a promising, noninvasive method for continuous hydration assessment by analyzing the body’s electrical properties. This study presents a MATLAB-based simulation of a bioimpedance equivalent circuit designed to model the frequency-dependent interaction between body fluids and tissue impedance. By simulating different hydration levels, the relationship between impedance characteristics and fluid distribution was explored, providing a solid theoretical foundation for future experimental investigations. To validate the simulation results, preliminary experimental measurements were conducted using the KL-720 biomedical laboratory system. This device, operating with a four-electrode configuration, enabled real-time acquisition of body impedance data. The recorded measurements were processed using established formulas to estimate hydration levels, allowing for a preliminary assessment of the subject’s hydration status.