5E-STEM Model Integration: Enhancing Mathematical Reflective Thinking through 3D and Augmented Reality (AR)

This research aims to explore the impact of utilizing 3D and Augmented Reality (AR) technology, integrated with the 5E-STEM model, on enhancing students’ mathematical reflective thinking skills in the context of geometry, specifically flat-sided shapes. The research method used is mixed methods with a sequential explanatory design. The data collection instruments used in this study included student response questionnaires, student worksheets, interviews with students, and classroom observations. The sample consisted of 25 seventh-grade students from Junior High School 12 Bandung. The results from the student response questionnaires indicated that the usefulness aspect scored 80%, categorized as good; the convenience aspect scored 85%, categorized as very good; and the satisfaction aspect scored 72%, also categorized as good, regarding the integration of 3D and AR technology. Based on the results from the student worksheets, 72% of the students demonstrated mathematical reflective thinking skills in the moderate to high categories, while 28% remained in the low category. Analysis of student worksheet responses, interviews, and classroom observations revealed that most students achieved reflective thinking in problem-solving after the integration of the 5E-STEM model with 3D and AR technology. Initially, students were unfamiliar with finding the formula for the area of flat-sided geometric shapes and had never used 3D and AR in learning this topic. Many were confused when working on the problems in activities 1 to 5 before the integration of 3D and AR. However, after using the technology, students’ responses on the worksheets demonstrated progress in achieving the indicators of mathematical reflective thinking. Based on these findings, integrating the 5E-STEM model with 3D and AR can support the development of students’ mathematical reflective thinking skills