A Grid-Forming Control Scheme for Inverter-Based Photovoltaic Generation Featuring Black-Start Capabilities

This paper proposed a new grid-forming control strategy for operating grid-interface photovoltaic (PV) inverters as black-start resources. Compared with the generic PV control proposed by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) and the traditional voltage-oriented control, the proposed control demonstrates significant advantages: i) it is robust against black-start switching transients, including transmission line energization and load pickup events; ii) it enables high-fidelity simulation of inverter dynamic behavior; iii) it provides grid-side voltage and frequency regulation capabilities, which enhance system stability during the power restoration process. Simulation results based on a 5-bus PV-interfaced black-start testbed are provided validate the proposed control method.