A Dual-Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymer to Inhibit Quorum Sensing Molecules: Theoretical Design, Optimized Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Preliminary Microbiological Analysis

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as promising materials for selectively targeting biomolecules, including quorum sensing autoinducers that regulate bacterial communication and biofilm formation. In this study, both single-template and dual-template strategies were employed to design and synthesize MIPs capable of capturing autoinducer-2 analogs using (3R,4S)-tetrahydro-3,4-furandiol (<b>T1</b>) or (R/S) 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (<b>T2</b>) as the templates. This approach offers translational potential of a complementary or non-antibiotic strategy to conventional antimicrobial therapies in mitigating biofilm-associated infections. Computational modeling guided the rational selection of functional monomers, predicting favorable interaction energies (<i>ΔE_C</i> up to -135 kcal·mol^-1) and optimal hydrogen-bonding patterns to enhance template-polymer affinity. The synthesized MIPs were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to confirm imprinting efficiency and structural integrity. The adsorption capacity measurements demonstrated higher adsorption capacity and selectivity of MIPs compared to non-imprinted polymers, with the highest selectivity equal to 3.36 for <b>T1</b> and 3.14 for <b>T2</b> on MIPs fabricated from methacrylic acid. Preliminary microbiological evaluations using <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> ATCC 12472 reveal that the MIPs prepared from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate effectively inhibited violacein production by up to 78.2% at 5.0 mg·mL^-1, consistent with quorum sensing interference. These findings highlight the feasibility of employing molecular imprinting to target autoinducer-2 analogs, introducing a novel synthetic strategy for disrupting bacterial communication. This further suggests that molecular imprinting can be leveraged to develop potent quorum-sensing inhibitors, an approach that offers translational potential as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial strategies to mitigate biofilm-associated infections.