Dermoid Cyst Causing Neonatal Brain Abscesses: A Case Report

BACKGROUND Brain abscess is a rare yet severe complication of neonatal meningitis, occurring in approximately 10% of neonates with this infection. This report details a case of neonatal brain abscess originating from a dermoid cyst. Although dermoid cysts are benign, they can rupture or become infected, leading to central nervous system (CNS) complications such as brain abscesses. Clinical manifestations can be subtle, often presenting as non-specific symptoms like headache, fever, and irritability, which can progress to severe neurological dysfunction or seizures. Early identification and intervention, including surgical and antimicrobial therapies, are crucial for improving outcomes. CASE REPORT We report a case of a neonatal dermoid cyst located at the cranial vertex, communicating with the intracranial cavity, and clinically presenting as a brain abscess. The patient had a favorable outcome following surgical intervention and anti-infective therapy. This case underscores the importance of considering rare etiologies in neonatal brain abscesses and emphasizes the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment to optimize patient outcomes. A detailed discussion of the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies employed in this case shows their potential influence on clinical decision-making in similar situations. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the critical importance of precise diagnosis and timely intervention in optimizing patient outcomes. It also serves as a reminder for clinicians to carefully differentiate complications of purulent meningitis from other mimicking conditions, ensuring the implementation of appropriate treatment strategies to prevent severe complications. The insights gained from this case may inform the management of similar presentations, underscoring the necessity for a high index of suspicion and early intervention in neonatal brain abscesses.