Research on the Identification of Key Industries for Soil and Groundwater Environmental Control and Their Pollution Characteristics in China

With rapid industrial development, environmental pollution particularly soil and groundwater has become a critical concern in China. Identification of high-risk industries and implementing targeted management strategies is essential for effective ecological protection and pollution control. This study, systematically screened and identified key industries contributing to soil and groundwater contamination by integrating extensive enterprises data, pollutant discharge profile and national policy framework. Ten major medium-size industries were recognized as priority targets for environmental oversight including coal processing and metal surface treatment and heat treatment. These industries were characterized by high enterprise density, substantial pollutant emissions, and complex production processes. Detailed analysis of the process stages and typical pollutants in these two representative sectors revealed that specific operation are closely linked to the release of heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and other hazardous substances. Based on these findings, the study proposes targeted management strategies to strengthen pollution prevention and control at grass root level. The results provide a scientific landscape for regulatory decision making, support the formulation of industry specific guidelines and contributes to the advancement of national efforts for soil and groundwater protection. Additionally, this work highlights the need for risk-based, industry focused approaches to address environmental pollution in the context of sustainable industrial development.