Nomenclatural Diversity, Ingredients Richness, and Health Significance of <i>Spondias mombin</i> Fruit

Research showing the health benefits of herbal plants opens up prospects for their use as a druggable pharmacological agent, food preservative, and complementary treatment. This study investigates the chemical composition and biological properties of the extracts derived from Spondias mombin fruits. The plant-based ingredients, antioxidant potentials, and total antioxidant capacity of the herbal plant were determined using appropriate standard analytical methods. The disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against fungal and bacterial strains. The herbal agent showed active principles such as alkaloids (hydromethanol [HME]: 156.74 ± 5.52; ethanol [EO]: 134.14 ± 1.52) and flavonoids (HME: 146.43 ± 7.43; EO: 123.43 ± 7.03), with the discovery of 15 phenolic compounds. It was found to be rich in Ca (25 399.46 ± 37.2), K (9634.633 ± 6.56), Mg (5052.34 ± 11.34), and Fe (470.95 ± 1.43). Extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity, outperforming standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), vitamin E, and vitamin C. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity against selected microbial strains. Findings highlight the value of S. mombin fruits as a natural resource for a variety of industries. Its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties make it an appealing candidate for use as a natural preservative and a practical and effective intervention for mitigating oxidative stress and pathological infections.