The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Resolved kinematic studies of main sequence star-forming galaxies at 4 < <i>z</i> < 6
We present a detailed kinematic study of a sample of 32 massive (9.5 ⩽ log( M * /M ⊙ ) ⩽ 10.9) main sequence star-forming galaxies (MS SFGs) at 4 < z < 6 from the ALMA-CRISTAL programme. The data consist of deep (up to 15 hr observing time per target), high-resolution (∼1 kpc) ALMA observations of [C II ]158 μm line emission. This dataset allowed us to carry out the first systematic, kiloparsec-scale (kpc-scale) characterisation of the kinematics nature of typical massive SFGs at these epochs. We find that ∼50% of the sample are disk-like, with a number of galaxies located in systems of multiple components. Kinematic modelling reveals these main sequence disks exhibit high-velocity dispersions ( σ 0 ), with a median disk velocity dispersion of ∼70 km s −1 and V rot / σ 0 ∼ 2, which is consistent with dominant gravity driving. The elevated disk dispersions are in line with the predicted evolution based on Toomre theory and the extrapolated trends from z ∼ 0–2.5 MS star-forming disks. The inferred dark matter (DM) mass fraction within the effective radius f DM (< R e ) for the disk systems decreases with the central baryonic mass surface density. This is consistent with the trend reported by kinematic studies at z ≲ 3; roughly half the disks display f DM (< R e )≲ 30%. The CRISTAL sample of massive MS SFGs provides a reference of the kinematics of a representative population and extends the view onto typical galaxies beyond previous kpc-scale studies at z ≲ 3.
Authors
- Ilse De Looze (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-6355)
- M. Relaño (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-1148)
- Thorsten Naab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-2558)
- Jorge González-López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-1411)
- R. Davies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4949-7217)
- Sylvain Veilleux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-6820)
- R. Genzel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-9653)
- Ken-ichi Tadaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-8909)
- Vicente Villanueva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-379X)
- Rodrigo Herrera-Camus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-0595)
- Lilian L. Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-4371)
- Ikki Mitsuhashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9450)
- K. Telikova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7919-245X)
- L.J. Davies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-0023)
- D. Lutz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-9582)
- Manuel Solimano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6629-0379)
- Hannah Übler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-0794)
- Huw Price (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-760X)
- A. Sternberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5065-9530)
- Ryota Ikeda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-9169)
- Ana Posses
- Andreas Burkert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6879-9822)
- Manuel Aravena (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-3198)
- Daizhong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9773-7479)
- T. Díaz-Santos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-6083)
- Jianhang Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-3313)
- Mathias R. Schreiber
- Alvio Renzini
- Loreto Barcos-Muñoz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-8892)
- J. Roberto Assef
- A. Rebecca Bowler
- S. Justin Spilker
- J. Linda Tacconi
Publication Details
- Journal
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Published
- 2025-08-19
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555362
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.77
Funders
- Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- European Research Council