Research on a Blockchain-Based Quality and Safety Traceability System for Hymenopellis raphanipes

Hymenopellis raphanipes is a high-value edible fungus with a short shelf life and high perishability, which poses significant challenges for quality control and safety assurance throughout its supply chain. Ensuring effective traceability is essential for improving production management, strengthening consumer trust, and supporting brand development. This study proposes a comprehensive traceability system tailored to the full lifecycle of Hymenopellis raphanipes, addressing the operational needs of producers and regulators alike. Through detailed analysis of the entire supply chain, from raw material intake, cultivation, and processing to logistics and sales, the system defines standardized traceability granularity and a unique hierarchical coding scheme. A multi-layered system architecture is designed, comprising a data acquisition layer, network transmission layer, storage management layer, service orchestration layer, business logic layer, and user interaction layer, ensuring modularity, scalability, and maintainability. To address performance bottlenecks in traditional systems, a multi-chain collaborative traceability model is introduced, integrating a mainchain–sidechain storage mechanism with an on-chain/off-chain hybrid management strategy. This approach effectively mitigates storage overhead and enhances response efficiency. Furthermore, data integrity is verified through hash-based validation, supporting high-throughput queries and reliable traceability. Experimental results from its real-world deployment demonstrate that the proposed system significantly outperforms traditional single-chain models in terms of query latency and throughput. The solution enhances data transparency and regulatory efficiency, promotes sustainable practices in green agricultural production, and offers a scalable reference model for the traceability of other high-value agricultural products.