Ultrasonically Assisted Fe@SGO/PTh Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization, Photocatalyst Performance and Antimicrobial Agent

Abstract We report the synthesis of a Fe@SGO/PTh nanocomposite through in situ polymerization using an ultrasonic irradiation technique. The structure and surface morphology of the materials were characterized using techniques such as X‐RD, FT‐IR, FE‐SEM, E‐DX, 1 H‐NMR, TEM, TGA, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The magnetic assets of the Fe@SGO/PTh composites were also investigated. Magnetic properties, assessed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), showed that the nanocomposites rapidly clustered near a permanent magnet, exhibiting superparamagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 0.036 emu g −1 . Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was studied at loadings of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The highest degradation rate of 84% was achieved with 30 mg in 90 min with a reaction rate of 0.0202 min −1 . The nanocomposite retained excellent reusability over four cycles, highlighting its potential in dye removal. Fe@SGO/PTh demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy exhibiting high inhibition even at low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI) values. These results highlight the material's multifunctionality, indicating its potential for applications in enhanced magnetic performance, efficient photocatalytic dye degradation, and antimicrobial therapy.