The use of molecular genetics in environmental harm studies: eDNA as a method for ecological damage in the ecocriminological analysis

<ns3:p>This research aims to explore the potential of molecular genetics in general, but in particular the use of environmental DNA (eDNA), as an innovative tool to complement the assessment and valuation of environmental harm from the perspective of green criminology or ecocriminology. In the face of the planetary crisis and the possible collapse of ecosystems, it proposes to overcome the limitations detected in traditional criminal law by adopting an ecocentric approach. This implies recognising the intrinsic value of nature and the need to commit to ecological justice. To this end, the use of eDNA makes it possible to visualise the biological and ecological transformations induced by pollutants, even when they are not visible to the naked eye. This provides objective, and even quantified, data on damage such as biodiversity loss, community alterations or possible genotoxic effects. It is presented as a complement to support preventive and restorative interventions in environmental crimes. Through dialogue between science, law and ethics, an integrated paradigm of environmental harm analysis is advocated, in which molecular genetics reinforces the ability to detect, understand and respond to ecological damage. The convergence between green criminology, eDNA and ecological justice allows us to refocus institutional responses towards restoring the integrity of ecosystems and defending the rights of nature.</ns3:p>