Bioactivity Assessment and Drug Loading Investigation of TiO ₂ Nanotube Reinforced Silicate–Calcium–Phosphate Bioactive Glass Nanocomposites

Abstract The surgery, disease, trauma, or other problem can result in bone defects. So, the demand for designing biomaterials that have the ability to regenerate and repair the bone is growing every day. Bioactive glass (BG) is one of these biomaterials that has been suggested by the scientists. The main goal of the study was to synthesize a novel nanoscale bioactive glass TiO 2 nanotube composite by adding different weight percentages of TiO 2 nanotubes (TNT) to the silicate–calcium–phosphate bioactive glass by sol‐gel method. Additionally, in vitro testing of synthetic materials was evaluated by immersing the powder in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 28 days. The tests using SEM, XRD, and FTIR showed that the BG‐5TNT sample had the strongest ability to support biological activity after 28 days, compared to other composites with TNTs. The results of drug loading demonstrated that by increasing the quantity of nanotubes in the sample the amount of drug loading decreased. The highest drug loading was obtained for the 5TNT sample.