Simulation and Comparison of Vehicle Satellite Connectivity under a 3D Foliage Environment: Starlink and OneWeb

Satellite communication for mobility use-cases is emerging as a key market for low-Earth orbit satellite constellations, offering broadband internet with sufficiently low latency in regions lacking terrestrial coverage. A commonly overlooked challenge in these scenarios is dynamic blockage caused by dense foliage or complex topography, where a line-of-sight satellite link can be difficult to establish. This work introduces a simulation framework to estimate key performance indicators for given constellation designs in a 3D geospatial environment comprising natural and build features. We demonstrate the simulator in a selected 3D scenario, showcase its capabilities, and compare the performance of two commercially active mega-constellations in delivering broadband connectivity under these conditions.