An overview of the literature on Science and Technology Parks, focusing on sustainable management opportunities – The internal aspect of sustainability

Abstract This paper explores the key factors influencing the successful management of Science and Technology parks (STPs) through a review of the literature. By synthesising academic research, it examines how STPs ensure sustainable operations and identifies internal and external factors shaping their planning and management. The analysis is based on publications indexed in Scopus from 1994 to 2024, identifying the most active researchers, journals, research topics, methodologies, and institutional contributions. The methodology applied was a semi-systematic literature review. The twenty most cited and relevant studies were further examined to assess the perceived impact of STPs, key stakeholder groups, applied management models, and revenue sources. Findings indicate that the impact of STPs on industrial actors is the most frequently studied aspect, followed by their interaction with higher education institutions. The evaluation of STPs remains complex, with reported impacts ranging from neutral to strongly positive depending on context. Management models vary, with state ownership being the most common, often through dedicated entities. Revenue sources include state subsidies alongside income from infrastructure and service provisions. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of STP management and highlights key considerations for future research and policy development.