Living with a multimorbidity. A qualitative study on the personal perspectives of individuals with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently co-exist as multimorbid conditions, creating challenges for individuals in managing their health and maintaining quality of life. However, research exploring the complexities of living with these conditions are scarce. This study addresses this gap by qualitatively exploring the experiences and perceptions of affected individuals. Thirty-two participants with T2D and atherosclerotic CVD were recruited, and raw data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Three core themes and six sub-themes were generated: first, The Disconnected Conditions; second, Lack of Integrated Care; and third, Navigating and Adapting to Multimorbidity. Participants highlighted a lack of understanding of the bidirectional relationship between the conditions and believed CVD to be more threatening primarily due to the visibility of symptoms. Participants also shared that they faced varying levels of emotional distress related to their T2D and CVD, with socioeconomic factors impacting their ability to manage their multimorbidity. This challenge was further exacerbated by what they perceived as poorly integrated care from healthcare professionals. This study highlights the importance of exploring patient perspectives to inform more of a cohesive care model that moves away from singular disease-based management for those living with T2D and CVD as a multimorbidity.