ESG Rating Divergence and Stock Price Crash Risk

ESG has emerged as a key non-financial indicator, drawing significant investor focus. Disparities in ESG ratings may skew investor perceptions, potentially endangering stock values and financial market stability. This paper examines the link between ESG rating divergences and stock price crash risk, drawing on data from six Chinese and global ESG rating agencies. Focusing on Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed firms, it analyzes information from 2015 to 2022 within the theoretical contexts of information asymmetry and external monitoring. This study finds that ESG rating divergence markedly elevates stock price crash risk, a relationship that persists through a series of robustness checks. Specifically, the mechanisms operate through two key pathways: increased reputational damage risk due to information asymmetry and reduced external monitoring due to weakened external governance. The results of the heterogeneity analysis indicate that ESG rating divergence exacerbates stock price crash risk more significantly for non-state-owned firms, firms with low levels of marketization, and firms in high-pollution industries. This study provides clear actionable strategic paths and policy intervention points for investors to avoid risks, firms to optimize management, and regulators to formulate policies.