Spatial distribution characteristics and tourism response of intangible cultural heritage in coastal areas of China

The coastal regions of China are abundant in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) resources characterized by distinct maritime features. The comprehensive integration and development of these resources with tourism represent a critical strategy for the scientific protection and sustainable development of coastal ICH. This study examines the spatial distribution of ICH across China's coastal regions. It also establishes an evaluation system to measure tourism response levels toward coastal ICH and employs a GeoDetector model to identify influencing factors. The results indicate that: (1) Different types of ICH resources in coastal areas exhibit distinct spatial distribution patterns, with notable variations in their concentrations. Generally, the spatial distribution of ICH follows a multi-centered structure, exhibiting higher densities in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Yellow River Delta. (2) Regional disparities in tourism response levels toward ICH are evident in coastal regions, demonstrating a decreasing gradient from central areas toward the north and south. (3) The tourism response levels of ICH are primarily influenced by factors such as regional GDP, resident population, the tourism environment, and the number of ICH sites, with regional GDP identified as the most influential factor. These findings enhance the understanding of the current developmental status of ICH in China's coastal regions and highlight key distinctions from inland areas.