Association of childhood health and socioeconomic status with dementia risk in older age: a cross-sectional study using the Indonesia Family Life Survey 2014–2015

This study finds that both childhood health and socioeconomic status independently influence dementia risk in later life. No significant interaction between these two early-life factors was found, suggesting that their effects on dementia risk operate independently rather than synergistically. Using nationally representative Indonesian data, the findings highlight the importance of addressing early-life adversity in dementia prevention and call for standardised definitions to improve research comparability, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries contexts.