Chaotic chimp-mountain gazelle optimized FOPID control for frequency regulation in islanded airport microgrids with heterogeneous energy systems

Ensuring stable frequency regulation in islanded airport microgrids is a challenging task owing to the intermittency of renewable energy sources, unpredictable load variations, and nonlinear dynamics. Conventional optimization techniques often struggle with premature convergence and sub-optimal controller tuning, leading to a poor transient response and inadequate frequency stabilization. These challenges necessitate an advanced optimization strategy that can efficiently handle dynamic airport environments while ensuring enhanced frequency stability. To address these issues, this study proposes a Chaotic Chimp Mountain Gazelle Optimizer (CCMGO) algorithm. The CCMGO algorithm integrates the exploration capabilities of the Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA) with the fast convergence of the Mountain Gazelle Optimizer (MGO), which is further enhanced by chaotic mapping to improve search diversity and avoid local optima. The effectiveness of the proposed CCMGO optimized dynamic controller was evaluated under various load perturbation scenarios, including impulse, step-ramp, and stochastic disturbances. The system considered here is a multi-source airport model integrating wave, wind, solar, biogas turbines, battery energy storage systems, ultra-capacitors, and electric vehicles. Simulation results demonstrates that the CCMGO optimized fractional order proportional-integral-derivative controller exhibits better performances compared to the conventional genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization based controllers, as well as contemporary metaheuristic algorithms like grey wolf optimizer and whale optimization algorithm. The proposed methodology achieves notable reductions in frequency deviation, shorter settling time, and enhanced transient response characteristics.