Comparative analysis of the unit costs of the polish freight international transport operating on the eastern and EU markets, 2009-2022

<ns3:p>The article is the next part of the cyclical publications of the Department of Economic Research in the field of cost analysis of the Polish international freight transport companies. It makes a comparative evaluation of the average unit costs of international carriers recorded in 2022 in relation to the results from previous. The survey covered carriers operating on the Eastern markets as well as the European Union countries. The article presents the statistical characteristics of the entities surveyed, considering their size, determined based on the number of heavy goods vehicles operated in the feet. It also shows how the average costs of a vehicle-kilometre (vehicle-km) for a truck above 12.0 Mg GVW are shaped, depending on the size of the company and taking into account the direction of transport (Eastern markets, EU). The generic structure of the costs of the surveyed carriers was also analysed. The formation of unit costs in 2022 was presented in tabular and graphical form in relation to the period 2009-2021. A summary of the evaluation of the impact of external factors on the functioning of the sector, from the perspective of carriers, was also presented. The study was conducted based on the questionnaires completed by the carriers associated in ZMPD.</ns3:p>